This essay is an introduction by the co-organizers to the proceedings of the academic conference on “Debating Islamophobia” organized by Casa Árabe-IEAM, Spain, in collaboration with the Program of Comparative Ethnic Studies in the Department of Ethnic Studies, U.C. Berkeley, in May 2009, published in the Fall 2010 issue of Human Architecture: Journal of the Sociology of Self-Knowledge. In sum, the co-organizers, who also served as co-editors of this issue of the journal, expect the publication of this volume to be an academic contribution to the outlined questions regarding Islamophobia, a tool for social researchers and useful to overcome the prejudices and institutional barriers that produce second-class citizens at the heart of Western Europe.