This essay by Roderick (Rod) Douglas Bush, titled “The Internal Colony Hybrid: Reformulating Structure, Culture, and Agency,” is a chapter in the anthology Rod Bush: Lessons from a Radical Black Scholar on Liberation, Love, and Justice, edited by Melanie E. L. Bush, and co-edited by Rose M. Brewer, Daniel Douglas, Loretta Chin, and Robert Newby (2019). It is a reprint by permission of a previously published chapter under the same title in Hybrid Identities: Theoretical & Empirical Examinations, edited by Keri E. Iyall Smith and Patricia Leavy (Brill, 2008). Bush explores the theory of “internal colonialism” as it has been applied in the analysis of the experiences of African Americans and other groups in the United States. He discusses the idea that this positionality within a nation-state provides special insight about the society which in turn becomes an important source of agency in the group’s ability to bring about change. He speaks to the contemporary moment as one in transition, within which this resource constitutes a significant contribution to the reshaping and rebuilding of old structures of power, knowledge, and being.