Omar Khayyam’s Secret: Hermeneutics of the Robaiyat in Quantum Sociological Imagination: Book 2: Khayyami Millennium: Reporting the Discovery and the Reconfirmation of the True Dates of Birth and Passing of Omar Khayyam (AD 1021-1123)

About OKCIR—i

Published to Date in the Series—ii

About this Book—iv

About the Author—viii

Notes on Transliteration—xix

Acknowledgments—xxi

Preface to Book 2: Recap From Prior Book of the Series—1

Introduction to Book 2: The Dilemma and Significance of Omar Khayyam’s Dates of Birth and Passing—11

CHAPTER I—Contributions, Inconsistencies, and Inaccuracies of Swāmī Govinda Tīrtha’s Findings Regarding Omar Khayyam’s Dates of Birth and Passing —27

1. Tīrtha’s Solutions to the Problems of Determining Omar Khayyam’s Dates of Birth and Passing—27

2. The Internal Inconsistencies and Factual Inaccuracies of Tīrtha’s Findings—43

CHAPTER II—In Search of the Correct Gemini Degree: The Story of How Omar Khayyam’s True Date of Birth Was Discovered Shortly Before Its Imminent Millennium—63

1. Chapter Introduction—63

2. Why Did Tīrtha Read the Gemini Degree As ‘3’ Not ‘8’?—65

3. Do Either Degrees 3 Or 8 of Gemini Solve the Puzzle on Any Date During the Period?—69

4. How Have Other Copies Rendered the Gemini Degree?—79

5. Does An Older Copy Necessarily Mean It Is More Authentic?—81

6. A Survey of Various Manuscript Copy Renderings of the Gemini Degree in Khayyam’s Birth Horoscope—83

7. If Neither 3 Nor 8 for the Gemini Degree Solves the Puzzle, What Degree Does?—89

8. Can the Gemini Degree 18 Shed Light on What the Extant Manuscript Copies of Beyhaqi’s Reported Horoscope for Khayyam Were Trying to Tell Us?—105

9. The First Way to Account for the Various Extant Manuscript Copies With One Another—111

10. The Second Way to Account for the Various Extant Manuscript Copies With One Another—113

11. The Third Way to Account for the Various Extant Manuscript Copies With One Another—115

12. The Fourth Way to Account for the Various Extant Manuscript Copies With One Another—117

13. The Fifth Way to Account for the Various Extant Manuscript Copies With One Another—120

14. The Sixth Way to Account for the Various Extant Manuscript Copies With One Another—120

15. The Use of Kufi Script in Arabic Astrolabes for Rendering Abjad Numbers—121

16. How and Where Russian Scholars and Astronomers Went Wrong In Evaluating and Confirming Swāmi Govinda Tīrtha’s Mistaken Date of Birth for Omar Khayyam—123

17. Chapter Conclusion: Omar Khayyam’s True Date of Birth Discovered Shortly Before Its Millennium—127

CHAPTER III—In Search of Omar Khayyam’s True Date of Passing: Superposing the Birth Date Findings With Beyhaqi’s “Tatemmat Sewan el-Hekmat” And Khazeni’s “Mizan ol-Hekmat”—133

1. The Most Relevant Manuscripts to Be Studied for the Determination of Khayyam’s Date of Passing—137

2. Could Omar Khayyam Have Been Childhood Friends with Nezam ol-Molk and Hasan Sabbah?—139

3. Examining Beyhaqi’s Biographical Entry on Omar Khayyam in “Tatemmat Sewan el-Hekmat”—141

4. Examining Other Entries by Beyhaqi in “Tatemmat Sewan el-Hekmat” Where Khayyam Is Mentioned —147

5. What Can We Learn from Khazeni’s Manuscript “Mizan ol-Hekmat” About Khayyam’s Date of Passing?—165

CHAPTER IV—Searching More for Omar Khayyam’s True Date of Passing: Superposing the Birth Date Findings With Present and Older Manuscript Copies of Nezami Arouzi’s “Chahar Maqaleh”—171

1. The Three References to Omar Khayyam in Nezami Arouzi’s “Chahar Maqaleh”—172

2. Examining the Three References to Omar Khayyam in the Prevalent Manuscript Copy of Nezami Arouzi’s “Chahar Maqaleh”—177

3. The Problem of Gross Historiographical Inaccuracies In Nezami Arouzi’s “Chahar Maqaleh” As Unanimously Acknowledged By Scholars—182

4. What Explains the Differences Between the Prevalent and Older Manuscript Copies of Arouzi’s “Chahar Maqaleh”?—187

5. An Important Discovery Just Made Regarding Khayyam’s Authorship of Robaiyat As Reported By His Living Contemporary Nezami Arouzi—195

CHAPTER V—Omar Khayyam’s True Date of Passing Discovered and Reconfirmed: Superposing the Birth Date Findings With All “Tarabkhaneh,”  “Chahar Maqaleh,” And “Tatemmat Sewan el-Hekmat” Accounts—201

1. Turning to Yar Ahmad Rashidi Tabrizi’s “Tarabkhaneh” While Not Entirely Leaving Nezami Arouzi’s “Chahar Maqaleh”: Considering the Commentaries By Golpinarli and Homai—202

2. Superposing With the Manuscript Copy of Yar Ahmad Rashidi Tabrizi’s “Tarabkhaneh” Shared by Swāmi Govinda Tīrtha in His “The Nectar of Grace”—215

3. Why the Year Given in “Tarabkhaneh” for Khayyam Is Intended to Be, And Can Only Be, For 444 LH—221

4. Solving the Puzzle of Omar Khayyam’s Year, Season, and Month of Passing By Way of Superposing All the Accounts: The Difference the Apricot and Pear Blossoms Make—231

5. Narrowing the Passing Date Further to Its Day: The Odd Intentionalities Implied in Reliable Accounts About Khayyam’s Own Intended Efforts in Determining the Place and Time of His Passing—247

6. The Two-Year Celebration Window: From the Millennium of Omar Khayyam’s Birth on June 10, 2021 to the Ninth Centennial of His Passing on June 10, 2023—251

Conclusion to Book 2: Summary of Findings—255

Appendix: Transliteration System and Book 2 Glossary—267

Book 2 Cumulative Glossary of Transliterations—280

Book 2 References—287

Book 2 Index—291

List of Figures

Figure I.1: Tīrtha’s Scan of the First Two Pages of Beyhaqi’s Biography of Omar Khayyam—30

Figure I.2: A Clearer Scan of the First Page of Beyhaqi’s Biography of Omar Khayyam—31

Figure I.3: Horoscope Chart for May 18, AD 1048, 4:48:00 a.m., Gregorian Calendar (May 12, AD 1048 Julian Calendar), Neyshabour, Iran—46

Figure I.4: Horoscope Chart for May 24, AD 1048, 4:48:00 a.m., Gregorian Calendar (May 18, 1048 Julian Calendar), Neyshabour, Iran—47

Figure I.5: Swāmī Govinda Tīrtha’s Listing of Planetary Locations Used to Offer His Astrological Reading (on page XXXVII) of Khayyam’s Natal Chart—52

Figure II.1: A Legible Scan of the First Page of Beyhaqi’s Biography of Omar Khayyam in One of the Various Manuscript Copies of Tatemmat Sewan el-Hekmat (Supplement to the Chest of Wisdom)  —67

Figure II.2: The Constellations Chart for May 20 (Julian), or May 26 (Gregorian), AD 1025—78

Figure II.3: Scan of the Page of Beyhaqi Biography of Omar Khayyam from a Different Manuscript (page 10)—80

Figure II.4: In Mohammad Shafi’s Book, Comparing the Two Different Renderings of the Arabic Letters ﺣ or ﺟ and ·È Across Two Different Beyhaqi Manuscripts to Represent the Ascendant’s Degree in Gemini—88

Figure II.5: The 11th Century Known-Planets Natal Charts of the Beginning and the Ending Seconds of the Nearly Four Minutes During which Omar Khayyam’s Birth Took Place in AD 1021—103

Figure II.6: Mohammad Shafi’s Copy of the Persian Translation of the Beyhaqi Manuscript Where Omar Khayyam’s Horoscope Appears (Inside Straight Lines), And Specifically Where the Gemini Degree Is Given (Inside Circle)—107

Figure II.7: Mohammad Shafi’s Book Page Where the Arabic and Persian Translated Versions of Omar Khayyam’s Horoscope Are Compared—109

Figure II.8: The Kabir List of Arabic Abjad Numerical Values—110

Figure II.9: The Saghir List of Arabic Abjad Numerical Values—119

Figure II.10: Comparing the Letter È Having the Numerical Value of 10 in Kufi Calligraphy in Astrolabes With the the Letter in One of Beyhaqi’s Manuscript Copies (Source: Dreamstime 99397538).—121

Figure V.1: Golpinarli’s (p. 40) Image of the Number for the Age of Khayyam as Given in His Copy of “Tarabkhaneh”—208

Figure V.2: Tīrtha’s First Page Image of the Page of Tabrizi’s Relaying of the Passage from Nezami Arouzi’s “Chahar Maqaleh” Offering the Date of Birth and Age of Khayyam —216

Figure V.3: Circled from Left to Right Are the Age, the Year of Birth, and the Day of Birth of Khayyam as Given in Tīrtha’s First Page Image of the Page of Tabrizi’s “Tarabkhaneh,” Relaying the Passage from Nezami Arouzi’s “Chahar Maqaleh” Offering the Date of Birth and Age of Khayyam—217

Figure V.4: Tīrtha’s Third Page Image of the Page of Tabrizi’s Relaying of the Passage from Nezami Arouzi’s “Chahar Maqaleh” Referring to “White-Haired Elderly” and to Omar Khayyam’s Composition of Robais —220

Figure V.5: Old Indian Digits Corresponding Also to Abjad Alphabets, Indicating the Numerical Values of Single Digits (Top Rows), Double Digits (Middle Rows), and Triple Digits (Bottom Rows). (Source: http://www.jasoncolavito.com/ancient-alphabets-explained.html, Itself Drawing on the Book “Kitab Shawq al-Mustaham” (AD 863) by Ibn Wahshiyya)—222

Figure V.6: Numbers from Zero to Nine (Left to Right Above) Rendered From Top to Bottom in English, Arabic, and Persian Language—223

Figure V.7: Numbers From One to Zero (Left to Right) Rendered Above From Top to Bottom in Hindi/Arabic, Farsi, and Urdu Languages (Source: http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9638399/overview.htm)—224

Figure V.8: How by Closing the Loop of Four, the Digit Can Be Made to Look Like Five In the Old Indian Style —225

Figure V.9: The Birth Chart for the Erroneous Birth Date Given for Khayyam in Tabrizi’s Tarabkhaneh (House of Joy), Provided for Muharram 12, 444 LH (May 20 Gregorian, or May 14 Julian, AD 1052)—233

List of Tables

Table II.1: Sun and Mercury (And Jupiter, When Needed) Locations for Years AD 1018-1055 for Sun Locations Falling in Degree 8 of the Gemini—72

Table II.2: Sun and Mercury (And Jupiter, When Needed) Locations for Years AD 1018-1055 for Sun Locations Falling in Degree 3 of the Gemini—74

Table II.3: Sun and Mercury (And Jupiter, When Needed) Locations for Years AD 1018-1055 Julian for Sun Locations Falling in Any Degree of Gemini While the Gemini is Ascendant (Except for Those in Brackets, Which Do Not Meet One or Both Above Conditions)—From the Vantage Point of Neyshabour, Iran, 36n12, 58e50 —92

Table V.1: Various Combinations of Years in Lunar 400s and 500s With Digits 5 and/or 4, Indicating on Which Day of the Week Muharram 12th Fell—227